What occurs when the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood increases?

When the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood increases, the body responds by increasing the respiratory rate and depth. This physiological response is primarily driven by the need to maintain homeostasis and ensure adequate gas exchange. Increased carbon dioxide levels lead to an increase in acidity (lower pH) in the blood, which is detected by chemoreceptors in the body, particularly in the medulla oblongata and carotid arteries.

The activation of these chemoreceptors stimulates the respiratory center in the brain to initiate faster and deeper breathing. This process enhances the elimination of carbon dioxide from the body as the lungs exhale more air, which not only helps to reduce the carbon dioxide levels but also helps to increase the oxygen levels in the blood. By increasing the respiratory rate and depth, the body efficiently addresses the imbalance caused by elevated carbon dioxide levels, thereby helping to restore normal physiological function.